Air compressors are great tools for a wide range of jobs, including everything from pumping tires to heavy-duty manufacturing processes. As different jobs need different levels of air and power, it’s important that you choose the right type of air compressor. The following are the three basic types of compressors, how they each work, and the types of jobs they are intended for.
A reciprocating air compressor is a positive displacement compressor. Positive displacement works by taking in large amounts of air, confining it, and reducing the volume. A reciprocating air compressor does this with the help of a piston and an electric motor.
You can get a reciprocating air compressor that is either air or water-cooled and lubricated or non-lubricated. They also come with different capacities and pressures.
It’s important to note that reciprocating air compressors are not designed for constant use or powerful jobs, as they only reach up to 50hp. Therefore, they are better for smaller jobs. You’ll often see this type in tire shops, body shops, small construction job sites, and the garage or workshop of a hobbyist.
Rotary screw air compressors also use positive displacement, but they do so with the use of two rotors to compress the air. The two rotors move in opposing directions, which traps and pressurizes the air.
A rotary screw air compressor is designed for continuous use. Consistent starting and stopping with small or short jobs can actually negatively impact the life of the compressor. This fact along with its ability to reach up to 350 hp makes it a great choice for manufacturing plants and large construction jobs.
Centrifugal air compressors work differently than reciprocating and rotary screw air compressors. They do not operate on positive displacement. Instead, they are dynamic air compressors.
A dynamic air compressor is designed with a bladed disk inside the cylinder called an impeller. As it spins, the air builds in velocity before traveling through a diffuser, which builds up the pressure. This design allows a great deal of power to come from a small machine.
A centrifugal air compressor is designed to deliver an ongoing flow of air and works best at high speeds. It can provide up to 1,000 hp and is oil-free, making it a great option for heavy-duty work and sensitive applications.
If you’re looking to purchase an air compressor, start by defining what you need the air compressor to do and choose the type that suits that purpose. Then, look into the different levels and configurations of each type so that you can purchase the best one for your needs.
